fix false missing Hermes CLI detection after deployment

DEVELOPMENT.md

@@ -33,6 +33,23 @@ npm run build
 - `npm run test:e2e` runs Playwright browser tests against a mocked BFF API.
 - `npm run build` type-checks and builds both client and server.
 
+## Hermes CLI Detection
+
+The installation probe runs `hermes --help` in the Web UI service environment.
+Some Hermes versions synchronously check upstream updates during `--version`, so
+version output is not a reliable installation/liveness probe. A timeout does not
+mean Hermes is absent and must not send users to the installation guide.
+
+`GET /api/hermes/cli-status` reports `available`, `bin`, and `reason` (`ready`,
+`missing`, `permission_denied`, `timeout`, or `failed`). `?refresh=1` bypasses the
+completed-result cache while sharing an in-flight probe. Deploy validation must
+check this endpoint as well as HTTP health; a running Node process alone does not
+prove that its service user can execute Hermes.
+
+When investigating, reproduce with the service's `HERMES_BIN`, `PATH`, `HOME`, and
+`HERMES_HOME`. Inspect the complete launcher/interpreter path before changing
+permissions. Do not use recursive permission changes to treat a probe timeout.
+
 ## One-Click Deploy
 
 `deploy.sh` deploys a checkout to a host that runs the built server under

deploy.sh

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ GIT_PROXY="${HERMES_UI_GIT_PROXY:-http://127.0.0.1:7890}"
 
 HEALTH_URL="http://127.0.0.1:$PORT/health"
 AUTH_URL="http://127.0.0.1:$PORT/api/auth/status"
+CLI_URL="http://127.0.0.1:$PORT/api/hermes/cli-status?refresh=1"
 
 # --- Output helpers -------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -390,6 +391,22 @@ if [ "$auth_code" != "200" ]; then
   die "Deploy finished but the second health check failed."
 fi
 
+# Probe from the running service so its user, PATH and HERMES_BIN are authoritative.
+step "Checking Hermes CLI in the service environment"
+if ! cli_status="$(curl -fsS --connect-timeout 5 --max-time 25 "$CLI_URL")"; then
+  die "Deploy finished but the Hermes CLI probe could not be reached. Check the service logs."
+fi
+if ! node -e '
+  const result = JSON.parse(process.argv[1]);
+  if (result.available !== true) {
+    console.error("Hermes CLI check failed: " + (result.reason || "unknown") + " (" + (result.bin || "hermes") + ")");
+    process.exit(1);
+  }
+' "$cli_status"; then
+  die "Deploy finished but Hermes CLI is not ready. Check HERMES_BIN and the service logs."
+fi
+ok "Hermes CLI is executable by the service"
+
 ok "health $HEALTH_URL -> 200"
 ok "auth   $AUTH_URL -> 200"
 ok "Deployed $(git rev-parse --short HEAD 2>/dev/null || echo 'unknown commit') on port $PORT"

docs/openapi.json

@@ -2698,7 +2698,20 @@
           "404": {
             "description": "Not found"
           }
-        }
+        },
+        "parameters": [
+          {
+            "name": "refresh",
+            "in": "query",
+            "required": false,
+            "schema": {
+              "type": "boolean",
+              "enum": [
+                "1"
+              ]
+            }
+          }
+        ]
       }
     },
     "/api/hermes/config": {

packages/client/src/api/hermes/system.ts

@@ -144,30 +144,38 @@ export async function checkHealth(): Promise<HealthResponse> {
 export interface HermesCliStatus {
   available: boolean
   bin?: string
+  reason?: 'ready' | 'missing' | 'permission_denied' | 'timeout' | 'failed'
 }
 
-let cliProbePromise: Promise<boolean> | null = null
+let cliProbePromise: Promise<HermesCliStatus> | null = null
+let refreshCliProbe = false
 
-async function probeHermesCli(): Promise<boolean> {
+async function probeHermesCli(refresh: boolean): Promise<HermesCliStatus> {
   try {
-    const res = await request<HermesCliStatus>('/api/hermes/cli-status')
-    return res.available !== false
+    return await request<HermesCliStatus>(`/api/hermes/cli-status${refresh ? '?refresh=1' : ''}`)
   } catch {
-    // Fail open: probe errors (older servers, mocked backends) must not block the app.
-    return true
+    // Probe transport errors must not block access to the rest of the application.
+    return { available: true }
   }
 }
 
-/** Cached per page load; the router guard probes once before showing the app. */
-export function checkHermesCliAvailable(): Promise<boolean> {
+export function getHermesCliStatus(): Promise<HermesCliStatus> {
   if (!cliProbePromise) {
-    cliProbePromise = probeHermesCli()
+    cliProbePromise = probeHermesCli(refreshCliProbe)
+    refreshCliProbe = false
   }
   return cliProbePromise
 }
 
+/** A slow startup is not evidence that Hermes needs installing. */
+export async function checkHermesCliAvailable(): Promise<boolean> {
+  const status = await getHermesCliStatus()
+  return status.available !== false || status.reason === 'timeout'
+}
+
 export function resetHermesCliProbe(): void {
   cliProbePromise = null
+  refreshCliProbe = true
 }
 
 export async function triggerUpdate(): Promise<{ success: boolean; message: string }> {

packages/client/src/i18n/locales/en.ts

@@ -53,6 +53,12 @@ export default {
 
   // hermes CLI missing guide
   hermesMissing: {
+    repairHint: 'After fixing the executable or runtime, use Re-check below.',
+    permissionTitle: 'Hermes CLI cannot be executed',
+    permissionIntro: 'The service cannot execute Hermes or its Python interpreter. Check executable permissions and directory access for the service user.',
+    failedTitle: 'Hermes CLI failed to start',
+    failedIntro: 'Hermes was found but its startup check failed. Check the service logs and the Hermes Python environment.',
+
     title: 'Hermes CLI not detected',
     intro: 'hermes-ui no longer bundles the hermes CLI. Install it on the machine running this service first:',
     installCmd: 'pip install hermes-agent',

packages/client/src/i18n/locales/zh.ts

@@ -53,6 +53,12 @@ export default {
 
   // hermes CLI 缺失引导
   hermesMissing: {
+    repairHint: '修复可执行文件或运行环境后，点击下方按钮重新检测。',
+    permissionTitle: 'Hermes CLI 执行权限不足',
+    permissionIntro: '服务无法执行 Hermes 或其 Python 解释器，请检查服务用户的文件执行权限和目录访问权限。',
+    failedTitle: 'Hermes CLI 启动失败',
+    failedIntro: '已找到 Hermes，但启动检测失败。请检查服务日志和 Hermes 的 Python 运行环境。',
+
     title: '未检测到 hermes CLI',
     intro: 'hermes-ui 不再内置 hermes CLI，请先在运行本服务的机器上安装：',
     installCmd: 'pip install hermes-agent',

packages/client/src/views/hermes/HermesMissingView.vue

@@ -1,19 +1,24 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
-import { ref } from "vue";
+import { computed, onMounted, ref } from "vue";
 import { useRouter } from "vue-router";
 import { useI18n } from "vue-i18n";
-import { checkHermesCliAvailable, resetHermesCliProbe } from "@/api/hermes/system";
+import { getHermesCliStatus, resetHermesCliProbe, type HermesCliStatus } from "@/api/hermes/system";
 
 const { t } = useI18n();
 const router = useRouter();
 const rechecking = ref(false);
+const status = ref<HermesCliStatus | null>(null);
+const issue = computed(() => status.value?.reason === 'permission_denied' ? 'permission' : status.value?.reason === 'failed' ? 'failed' : 'missing');
+const title = computed(() => t(issue.value === 'missing' ? 'hermesMissing.title' : `hermesMissing.${issue.value}Title`));
+const intro = computed(() => t(issue.value === 'missing' ? 'hermesMissing.intro' : `hermesMissing.${issue.value}Intro`));
+onMounted(async () => { status.value = await getHermesCliStatus(); });
 
 async function handleRetry() {
   rechecking.value = true;
   try {
     resetHermesCliProbe();
-    const available = await checkHermesCliAvailable();
-    if (available) {
+    status.value = await getHermesCliStatus();
+    if (status.value.available || status.value.reason === 'timeout') {
       router.replace("/hermes/chat");
     }
   } finally {
@@ -27,17 +32,18 @@ async function handleRetry() {
     <div class="hermes-missing-card">
       <header class="hermes-missing-hd">
         <div class="hermes-missing-mark" aria-hidden="true">⚠</div>
-        <h1 class="hermes-missing-title">{{ t("hermesMissing.title") }}</h1>
-        <p class="hermes-missing-desc">{{ t("hermesMissing.intro") }}</p>
+        <h1 class="hermes-missing-title">{{ title }}</h1>
+        <p class="hermes-missing-desc">{{ intro }}</p>
       </header>
 
       <div class="hermes-missing-bd">
-        <pre class="hermes-missing-term"><code>{{ t("hermesMissing.installCmd") }}</code></pre>
+        <pre v-if="issue === 'missing'" class="hermes-missing-term"><code>{{ t("hermesMissing.installCmd") }}</code></pre>
+        <pre v-else-if="status?.bin" class="hermes-missing-term"><code>{{ status.bin }}</code></pre>
 
         <p class="hermes-missing-desc">{{ t("hermesMissing.envIntro") }}</p>
         <pre class="hermes-missing-term"><code>{{ t("hermesMissing.envCmd") }}</code></pre>
 
-        <p class="hermes-missing-hint">{{ t("hermesMissing.restartHint") }}</p>
+        <p class="hermes-missing-hint">{{ t(issue === 'missing' ? "hermesMissing.restartHint" : "hermesMissing.repairHint") }}</p>
 
         <button class="hermes-missing-btn" :disabled="rechecking" @click="handleRetry">
           {{ rechecking ? "..." : t("hermesMissing.retry") }}

packages/server/src/controllers/health.ts

@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ import * as hermesCli from '../services/hermes/hermes-cli'
 import { getAgentBridgeManager } from '../services/hermes/agent-bridge/manager'
 import { redactAgentBridgeError } from '../services/hermes/agent-bridge/redact'
 import { isDockerContainer } from '../services/runtime-environment'
-import { isHermesCliAvailable, resolveHermesBin } from '../services/hermes/hermes-process'
+import { probeHermesCli, resolveHermesBin, type HermesCliProbeResult } from '../services/hermes/hermes-process'
+
+import { logger } from '../services/logger'
 
 declare const __APP_VERSION__: string
 
@@ -209,19 +211,27 @@ export async function healthCheck(ctx: any) {
   }
 }
 
-let cachedCliStatus: { value: boolean; expiresAt: number } | null = null
+let cachedCliStatus: { bin: string; value: HermesCliProbeResult; expiresAt: number } | null = null
+let pendingCliStatus: { bin: string; promise: Promise<HermesCliProbeResult> } | null = null
 const CLI_STATUS_CACHE_TTL_MS = 30_000
+const CLI_FAILURE_CACHE_TTL_MS = 5_000
 
-/**
- * Whether the user-installed hermes CLI can be resolved and executed.
- * hermes-ui no longer bundles the CLI, so the web UI probes this
- * (public, pre-login) to show an install guide when it is missing.
- */
+/** Public installation probe. Slow startup is distinct from a missing executable. */
 export async function hermesCliStatus(ctx: any) {
-  const now = Date.now()
-  if (!cachedCliStatus || cachedCliStatus.expiresAt <= now) {
-    const available = await isHermesCliAvailable()
-    cachedCliStatus = { value: available, expiresAt: now + CLI_STATUS_CACHE_TTL_MS }
+  const bin = resolveHermesBin()
+  if (ctx.query?.refresh !== '1' && cachedCliStatus?.bin === bin && cachedCliStatus.expiresAt > Date.now()) {
+    ctx.body = { ...cachedCliStatus.value, bin }
+    return
   }
-  ctx.body = { available: cachedCliStatus.value, bin: resolveHermesBin() }
+  if (!pendingCliStatus || pendingCliStatus.bin !== bin) {
+    const promise = probeHermesCli(bin).then(value => {
+      cachedCliStatus = { bin, value, expiresAt: Date.now() + (value.available ? CLI_STATUS_CACHE_TTL_MS : CLI_FAILURE_CACHE_TTL_MS) }
+      if (!value.available) logger.warn({ bin, reason: value.reason }, 'Hermes CLI availability probe failed')
+      return value
+    }).finally(() => {
+      if (pendingCliStatus?.promise === promise) pendingCliStatus = null
+    })
+    pendingCliStatus = { bin, promise }
+  }
+  ctx.body = { ...await pendingCliStatus.promise, bin }
 }

packages/server/src/services/hermes/hermes-process.ts

@@ -70,20 +70,37 @@ export function execHermes(args: readonly string[], options?: ExecFileOptions) {
   return execHermesWithBin(resolveHermesBin(), args, options)
 }
 
-/**
- * Probe whether the user-installed hermes CLI is reachable.
- * hermes-ui no longer bundles the CLI, so startup/UI can guide the
- * user to install it instead of failing on every spawn.
- */
-export async function isHermesCliAvailable(hermesBin = resolveHermesBin()): Promise<boolean> {
+export type HermesCliProbeReason = 'ready' | 'missing' | 'permission_denied' | 'timeout' | 'failed'
+
+export interface HermesCliProbeResult {
+  available: boolean
+  reason: HermesCliProbeReason
+}
+
+/** Use local help: --version may synchronously check upstream updates. */
+export async function probeHermesCli(hermesBin = resolveHermesBin()): Promise<HermesCliProbeResult> {
   try {
-    await execHermesWithBin(hermesBin, ['--version'], { timeout: 5000 })
-    return true
-  } catch {
-    return false
+    await execHermesWithBin(hermesBin, ['--help'], { timeout: 15_000 })
+    return { available: true, reason: 'ready' }
+  } catch (error: any) {
+    const code = error?.code
+    if (code === 'ENOENT' || code === 'ENOTDIR' || code === 127) {
+      return { available: false, reason: 'missing' }
+    }
+    if (code === 'EACCES' || code === 'EPERM' || code === 126) {
+      return { available: false, reason: 'permission_denied' }
+    }
+    if (code === 'ETIMEDOUT' || (error?.killed && error?.signal === 'SIGTERM')) {
+      return { available: false, reason: 'timeout' }
+    }
+    return { available: false, reason: 'failed' }
   }
 }
 
+export async function isHermesCliAvailable(hermesBin = resolveHermesBin()): Promise<boolean> {
+  return (await probeHermesCli(hermesBin)).available
+}
+
 export function spawnHermesWithBin(
   hermesBin: string,
   args: readonly string[],

tests/client/cli-status.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// @vitest-environment jsdom
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+const request = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn())
+vi.mock('@/api/client', () => ({ request }))
+
+beforeEach(() => { vi.resetModules(); request.mockReset() })
+
+describe('CLI installation guard', () => {
+  it('does not send a slow, installed CLI to the installation page', async () => {
+    request.mockResolvedValue({ available: false, reason: 'timeout' })
+    const api = await import('@/api/hermes/system')
+    expect(await api.checkHermesCliAvailable()).toBe(true)
+    expect(await api.getHermesCliStatus()).toMatchObject({ reason: 'timeout' })
+    expect(request).toHaveBeenCalledOnce()
+  })
+
+  it.each(['missing', 'permission_denied', 'failed'])('retains a genuine %s error and bypasses server cache on retry', async reason => {
+    request.mockResolvedValueOnce({ available: false, reason }).mockResolvedValueOnce({ available: true, reason: 'ready' })
+    const api = await import('@/api/hermes/system')
+    expect(await api.checkHermesCliAvailable()).toBe(false)
+    api.resetHermesCliProbe()
+    expect(await api.checkHermesCliAvailable()).toBe(true)
+    expect(request).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith('/api/hermes/cli-status?refresh=1')
+  })
+
+  it('continues to work with older servers and transport errors', async () => {
+    const api = await import('@/api/hermes/system')
+    request.mockResolvedValueOnce({ available: false })
+    expect(await api.checkHermesCliAvailable()).toBe(false)
+    api.resetHermesCliProbe()
+    request.mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('server restarting'))
+    expect(await api.checkHermesCliAvailable()).toBe(true)
+  })
+})

tests/e2e/cli-detection.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import { expect, test } from '@playwright/test'
+import { mockHermesApi } from './fixtures'
+
+test('a CLI timeout does not redirect to the installation guide', async ({ page }) => {
+  await mockHermesApi(page)
+  await page.route(url => url.pathname === '/api/hermes/cli-status', route => route.fulfill({
+    json: { available: false, reason: 'timeout', bin: '/opt/hermes/bin/hermes' },
+  }))
+  await page.goto('/')
+  await expect(page.getByPlaceholder('Username')).toBeVisible()
+  await expect(page.getByText('pip install hermes-agent')).toHaveCount(0)
+})
+
+for (const [reason, title] of [
+  ['permission_denied', 'Hermes CLI cannot be executed'],
+  ['failed', 'Hermes CLI failed to start'],
+  ['missing', 'Hermes CLI not detected'],
+]) {
+  test(`explains ${reason} and retries without waiting for the server cache`, async ({ page }) => {
+    await mockHermesApi(page)
+    let forced = false
+    await page.route(url => url.pathname === '/api/hermes/cli-status', async route => {
+      forced = new URL(route.request().url()).searchParams.get('refresh') === '1'
+      await route.fulfill({ json: { available: forced, reason: forced ? 'ready' : reason, bin: '/opt/hermes/bin/hermes' } })
+    })
+    await page.goto('/')
+    await expect(page.getByRole('heading', { name: title, exact: true })).toBeVisible()
+    if (reason !== 'missing') await expect(page.getByText('pip install hermes-agent')).toHaveCount(0)
+    await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Re-check' }).click()
+    await expect(page.getByPlaceholder('Username')).toBeVisible()
+    expect(forced).toBe(true)
+  })
+}

tests/server/deploy-cli-readiness.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
+import { mkdtempSync, mkdirSync, rmSync, writeFileSync } from 'fs'
+import { tmpdir } from 'os'
+import { dirname, join, resolve } from 'path'
+import { spawnSync } from 'child_process'
+
+const dirs: string[] = []
+afterEach(() => dirs.splice(0).forEach(dir => rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true })))
+
+describe.skipIf(process.platform === 'win32')('deployment CLI readiness', () => {
+  it.each([true, false])('requires executable CLI readiness even when HTTP checks pass: %s', available => {
+    const root = mkdtempSync(join(tmpdir(), 'hermes-deploy-test-'))
+    dirs.push(root)
+    const bin = join(root, 'bin')
+    mkdirSync(bin)
+    const shim = (name: string, body: string) => writeFileSync(join(bin, name), `#!/bin/sh\n${body}\n`, { mode: 0o755 })
+    shim('npm', 'if [ "$1" = "-v" ]; then echo 11; fi\nexit 0')
+    shim('systemctl', 'exit 0')
+    shim('curl', `case "$*" in\n  *cli-status*) echo '${JSON.stringify({ available, reason: available ? 'ready' : 'permission_denied' })}' ;;\n  *) printf 200 ;;\nesac`)
+    const result = spawnSync('bash', [resolve('deploy.sh'), '--skip-pull', '--skip-deps', '--skip-build'], {
+      encoding: 'utf8',
+      timeout: 15000,
+      env: { ...process.env, PATH: [bin, dirname(process.execPath), process.env.PATH].join(':'), HERMES_UI_STATE_DIR: join(root, 'state'), HERMES_UI_DEPLOY_SCOPED: '1' },
+    })
+    expect(result.error).toBeUndefined()
+    expect(result.status).toBe(available ? 0 : 1)
+    expect(result.stdout + result.stderr).toContain(available ? 'Hermes CLI is executable by the service' : 'permission_denied')
+  })
+})

tests/server/health-controller.test.ts

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ type LoadHealthControllerOptions = {
   bridgeReadinessError?: Error
   managerError?: Error
   runtimeStateError?: Error
+  cliProbe?: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>
 }
 
 const defaultBridgeReadiness = {
@@ -65,6 +66,12 @@ async function loadHealthController(options: LoadHealthControllerOptions = {}) {
     isDockerContainer: () => options.isDocker === true,
   }))
 
+  const cliProbe = options.cliProbe || vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ available: true, reason: 'ready' })
+  vi.doMock('../../packages/server/src/services/hermes/hermes-process', () => ({
+    probeHermesCli: cliProbe,
+    resolveHermesBin: () => '/opt/hermes/bin/hermes',
+  }))
+
   const health = await import('../../packages/server/src/controllers/health')
 
   return {
@@ -303,3 +310,43 @@ describe('health controller version metadata', () => {
   })
 
 })
+
+describe('CLI status cache', () => {
+  afterEach(() => { vi.useRealTimers(); vi.resetModules() })
+
+  it('coalesces concurrent requests and allows an explicit recheck after failure', async () => {
+    let finish!: (value: any) => void
+    const probe = vi.fn().mockReturnValueOnce(new Promise(resolve => { finish = resolve }))
+      .mockResolvedValue({ available: true, reason: 'ready' })
+    const { hermesCliStatus } = await loadHealthController({ cliProbe: probe })
+    const first = createMockCtx()
+    const second = createMockCtx()
+    const pending = [hermesCliStatus(first), hermesCliStatus(second)]
+    expect(probe).toHaveBeenCalledOnce()
+    finish({ available: false, reason: 'timeout' })
+    await Promise.all(pending)
+    expect(first.body).toMatchObject({ available: false, reason: 'timeout' })
+    expect(second.body).toEqual(first.body)
+    await hermesCliStatus(createMockCtx())
+    expect(probe).toHaveBeenCalledOnce()
+    const retry = { ...createMockCtx(), query: { refresh: '1' } }
+    await hermesCliStatus(retry)
+    expect(retry.body).toMatchObject({ available: true, reason: 'ready' })
+    expect(probe).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2)
+  })
+
+  it('expires failures quickly and starts successful cache lifetime after the probe completes', async () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers()
+    const probe = vi.fn().mockResolvedValueOnce({ available: false, reason: 'permission_denied' })
+      .mockImplementationOnce(() => new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(() => resolve({ available: true, reason: 'ready' }), 8000)))
+    const { hermesCliStatus } = await loadHealthController({ cliProbe: probe })
+    await hermesCliStatus(createMockCtx())
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(5001)
+    const pending = hermesCliStatus(createMockCtx())
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(8000)
+    await pending
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(29000)
+    await hermesCliStatus(createMockCtx())
+    expect(probe).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2)
+  })
+})

tests/server/hermes-process.test.ts

@@ -4,12 +4,14 @@ import { tmpdir } from 'os'
 import { join } from 'path'
 
 const execFileCalls = vi.hoisted(() => [] as Array<{ command: string; args: string[]; options: any }>)
+const execResult = vi.hoisted(() => ({ error: null as any, delayMs: 0 }))
 const spawnCalls = vi.hoisted(() => [] as Array<{ command: string; args: string[]; options: any }>)
 
 vi.mock('child_process', () => ({
   execFile: vi.fn((command: string, args: string[], options: any, callback: (error: Error | null, stdout: string, stderr: string) => void) => {
     execFileCalls.push({ command, args, options })
-    callback(null, 'ok\n', '')
+    if (execResult.delayMs) setTimeout(() => callback(execResult.error, 'ok\n', ''), execResult.delayMs)
+    else callback(execResult.error, 'ok\n', '')
   }),
   spawn: vi.fn((command: string, args: string[], options: any) => {
     spawnCalls.push({ command, args, options })
@@ -24,6 +26,9 @@ function setPlatform(platform: NodeJS.Platform): void {
 }
 
 afterEach(() => {
+  execResult.error = null
+  execResult.delayMs = 0
+  vi.useRealTimers()
   execFileCalls.length = 0
   spawnCalls.length = 0
   delete process.env.HERMES_AGENT_BRIDGE_PYTHON
@@ -122,3 +127,31 @@ describe('Hermes process invocation', () => {
     })
   })
 })
+
+describe('Hermes installation probe', () => {
+  it('uses local help instead of the network-dependent version check and accepts slow startup', async () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers()
+    execResult.delayMs = 7800
+    const { probeHermesCli } = await import('../../packages/server/src/services/hermes/hermes-process')
+    const pending = probeHermesCli('/opt/hermes/bin/hermes')
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(7800)
+    await expect(pending).resolves.toEqual({ available: true, reason: 'ready' })
+    expect(execFileCalls[0]).toMatchObject({ args: ['--help'], options: { timeout: 15000 } })
+  })
+
+  it.each([
+    [{ code: 'ENOENT' }, 'missing'],
+    [{ code: 'ENOTDIR' }, 'missing'],
+    [{ code: 127 }, 'missing'],
+    [{ code: 'EACCES' }, 'permission_denied'],
+    [{ code: 'EPERM' }, 'permission_denied'],
+    [{ code: 126 }, 'permission_denied'],
+    [{ killed: true, signal: 'SIGTERM' }, 'timeout'],
+    [{ code: 'ETIMEDOUT' }, 'timeout'],
+    [{ code: 1 }, 'failed'],
+  ])('distinguishes %j from a missing installation', async (error, reason) => {
+    execResult.error = error
+    const { probeHermesCli } = await import('../../packages/server/src/services/hermes/hermes-process')
+    await expect(probeHermesCli('hermes')).resolves.toEqual({ available: false, reason })
+  })
+})